All Articles

Iron, Research references

Admin
  1. Allen, LH. Pregnancy and iron deficiency. Unresolved issues. Nutr Rev 1997; 55: 91-100.
  2. Anonymous. Vitamin A deficiency and anemia. Nutr Rev 1979; 37: 38-40.
  3. Anonymous. Vitamin A deficiency and iron nutriture. Nutr Rev 1984; 42: 167-168.
  4. Ballin A, Berar M, Rubinstein U, et al. Iron state in female adolescents. Am J Dis Child 146(7): 803-5, 1992.
  5. Ballott DE, MacPhail AP, Bothwell TH et al. Fortification of curry powder with NaFe(111) EDTA in an iron-deficient population. Initial survey of iron status. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 49: 156-161.
  6. Bates CJ et al. Vitamins, iron, and physical work. Lancet ii: 313-14, 1989.
  7. Beard, JL, Dawson H, Pinero, DJ. Iron metabolism. A comprehensive review. Nutr Rev 1996; 54: 295-317.
  8. Beutler E, Larsh SE, Gurney CW. Iron therapy in chronically fatigued, nonanemic women; a double-blind study. Ann Intern Med 1960; 52: 378-394.
  9. Blake DR et al. The importance of iron in rheumatoid disease. Lancet ii: 1142-4, 1981.
  10. Blake DR et al. Effect of intravenous iron dextran on rheumatoid synovitis. Ann Rheum Dis 44: 183-8, 1985.
  11. Buetler E, Larsh SE, Gurney CW. Iron therapy in chronically fatigued non-anemic women: A double blind study. Ann Intern Med 52: 378-94, 1960.
  12. Chua ACG, Morgan EH. Effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on manganese uptake and deposition in the brain and other organs of the rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 1996; 55: 39-54.
  13. Cook J, Dassenko S, Whittaker P. Calcium supplementation. Effect on iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 106-111.
  14. Dallman PR, Beutler E, Finch CA. Effects of Iron deficiency exclusive of anaemia Br J Haematol 1978; 40: 179-184.
  15. Dallman, PR. Iron. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th edn. Washington DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1990: p 241-250.
  16. Dalton MA et al. Calcium and phosphorous supplementation of iron-fortified infant formula. No effect on iron status of healthy full-term infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 921-926.
  17. Edgerton VR, Ohira Y et al. Toleration of hemoglobin and work tolerance in iron deficient subjects. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1981; 27: 77-86.
  18. Fairweather Tait SJ, Minihane AM, Eagles J et al. Rare earth elements as nonabsorable fecal markers in studies of iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 970-976.
  19. Dabbagh AJ. Trenam CW, Morris CJ, Blake DR. Iron in joint inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 52:67-73, 1993.
  20. Dabbagh AJ. Trenam CW, Morris CJ, Blake DR. Iron in joint inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 52:67-73, 1993.
  21. Davidson A et al. Red cell ferritin content: A re-evaluation of indices for iron deficiency in the anaemia of rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med J 289: 648-50, 1984.
  22. Gardner GW et al. Physical work capacity and metabolic stress in subjects with iron deficiency anemia. Am J Clin Nutr 30; 6: 910-17, 1977.
  23. Gleerup A, Rossander-Hulthen L, Gramatkovski E et al. Iron absorption from the whole diet: comparison of the effect of two different distributions of daily calcium intake. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61: 97-104.
  24. Green R, Charlton R et al. Body iron excretion in man; a collaborative study. Am J Med 1968; 45: 336-353.
  25. Hallber L. Bioavailability of dietary iron in man. Ann Rev Nutr 1981; 1: 123-147.
  26. Hallberg L, Nilsson L. Constancy of individual menstrual blood loss. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1964; 43: 352-359.
  27. Hallberg L, Rossander L, Persson H. Deleterious effects of prolonged warming of meals on ascorbic acid content and iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 36: 846-850.
  28. Hallberg L, Brune M, Erlandsson M et al. Calcium. Effect of different amounts on nonheme- and heme-iron absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 112-119.
  29. Hansen TM et al. Serum ferritin and the assessment of iron deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 12; 4: 353-9, 1983.
  30. Hansen TM, Hansen NE. Serum ferritin as indicator of iron responsive anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 45: 569, 1986.
  31. Hunt, JR, Gallagher, SK, Johnson, LK. Effect of ascorbic acid on apparent iron absorption by women with low iron stores. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59: 1381-1385.
  32. Kent S, Weinberg E. Hypoferremia. Adaptation to disease? New Eng J Med 1989; 320: 672.
  33. Kies C, ed. Nutritional bioavailability of iron. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. 1982.
  34. Kies, C, Bylund, DM. Iron status of adolescent boys and girls as influenced by variations in dietary ascorbic acid and iron intakes. Nutr Rep Intl 1989; 40: 43-51.
  35. Li R, Chen X, Yan H, et al. Functional consequences of Iron Supplementation in iron-deficient female cotton mill workers in Beijing, China. Am J Clin Nutr 59: 908-13, 1994.
  36. Lynch, SR. Interaction of iron with other nutrients. Nutr Rev 1997; 55: 102-110.
  37. Magnusson B, Bjorn-Rasmussen E, Hallberg L et al. Iron absorption in relation to iron status. Model proposed to express results of food iron absorption measurements. Scand J Haematol 1981; 27: 201-208.
  38. McCord, JM. Effects of positive iron status at a cellular level. Nutr Rev 1996; 54: 85-88.
  39. Muirden KD, Senator GB. Iron in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 27: 38-48, 1968.
  40. Ohira Y, Edgerton VR, Gardner GW et al. Work capacity after iron treatment as a function of hemoglobin and iron deficiency. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1981; 27: 87-96.
  41. Oski FA, Honig AS, Helu B, Howanitz P. Effect of iron therapy on behavior performance in nonanemic, iron-deficient infants. Pediatrics 1983; 71: 877-880.
  42. Oski FA, Honig AS. The effects of therapy on the developmental scores of iron deficient infants. J Pediatr 1978; 92: 21-25.
  43. Pollitt E, Leibel RL. Iron deficiency and behavior. J Pediatr 1976; 88: 372-381.
  44. Pollitt E, Leibel RL, Greenfield DB. Iron deficiency and cognitive test performance in preschool children. Nutr Behavior 1983; 1: 137-146.
  45. Pollitt E, Soemantri AG, Yunis F, Scrimshaw NS. Cognitive effects of iron-deficiency anaemia. Lancet 1985; 1: 158.
  46. Prasad MK, Pratt CA. The effects of exercise and two levels of dietary iron on iron status. Nutr Res 1990; 10: 1273-1283.
  47. Rothwell RS, Davis P. Relationship between serum ferritin, anemia, and disease activity in acute and chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 1; (2): 65-7, 1981.
  48. Scrimshaw NS. Functional consequences of iron deficiency in human populations. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1984; 30: 47-63.
  49. Sempos, CT, Looker, AC, Gillum, RF. Iron and heart disease. The epidemiologic data. Nutr Rev 1996; 54: 73-88.
  50. Sheard, NF. Iron deficiency and infant development. Nutr Rev 1994; 52: 137-140.
  51. Stãhlberg MR, Savilahti E, Siimes MA. Iron deficiency in coeliac disease is mild and it is detected and corrected by gluten-free diet. Acta Paediatr Scand 80; (2):190-3, 1991.
  52. Tucker DM, Sandstead HH, Penland JG et al. Iron status and brain function: serum ferritin levels associated with asymmetries of cortical electrophysiology and cognitive performance. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 39: 105-113.
  53. Voorhees ML, Stuart MJ et al. Iron deficiency anemia and increased urinary norepinephrine. J Pediatr 1g74; 86: 542-547.
  54. Vreugdenhil G et al. Efficacy and safety of oral iron chelator L1 in anaemic rheumatoid arthritis patients. Letter. Lancet ii: 1398-9, 1989.
  55. Walter T, Olivares M, Pizarro F et al. Iron, anemia, and infection. Nutr Rev 1997; 55: 111-124.
  56. Webb TE, Oski FA. Iron deficiency anemia and scholastic achievement in young adolescents. J Pediatr 1973; 82: 827-830.
  57. Webb TE, Oski FA. Behavioral status of young adolescents with iron deficiency anemia. J Spec Educ 1974; 8: 153-156.
  58. Willis WT et al. Iron deficiency: Improved exercise performance within 15 hours of iron treatment in rats. J Nutr 120; 8: 909-16, 1990.
  59. Yip, R, Dallman, PR. Iron. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1996: p 277-292.
  60. Zittoun J, Blot 1, Hill C et al. Iron supplements versus placebo in pregnancy. Its effects on iron and folate status on mothers and newborns. Ann Nutr Metabol 1983; 27: 320-327.

Sources:
Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr., Michael T. Murrey & Melvyn R. Werbach.

Iodine, Research References

Admin

January 1999

1. Eskin B.A. et al. Mammary Gland Dysplasia in Iodine Deficiency, JAMA 200; 691-5, 1967.
2. Ghent W.R. et al. Iodine Replacement in Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast, Can J Surg 36; 453-60, 1993.
3. Hetzel, SC. Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th edn. Iodine deficiency. An international public health problem. Washington DC: Nutrition Foundation. p 308-312, 1990.
4. Hetzel, B.S. Iodine deficiency and fetal brain damage. N Eng J Med. 331: 1770-1771, 1994.
5. Hunnikin C, Wood FO. Endemic goiter and endemic cretinism. New York: John Wiley. p 497-512, 1980.
6. Kearny, CH, Orient, JM. Thyroid protection. Science. 274: 1596-1597, 1996.
7. Matovinovic J, Trowbridge FL. Endemic goiter and endemic cretinism. New York: John Wiley. p 37-67, 1980.
8. Matovinovic J. Endemic goiter and cretinism at the dawn of the third millenium. Ann Rev Nutr 3: 341-412, 1983.
9. Stanbury, JB. Iodine deficiency and the iodine deficiency disorders. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Iodine. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. p 378-383, 1996.
10. Wang YY, Yang SH. Improvement in hearing among otherwise normal schoolchildren in iodine-deficient areas of Guizhou China, following use of iodized salt. Lancet 2: 518-520, 1985.
11. Xue-Yi C, Xin-Min J, Zhi-Hong D et al. Timin of vulnerability of the brain to iodine deficiency in endemic cretinism. N Eng J Med. 331: 1739-1744, 1994.

Sources:
Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr., Michael T. Murrey & Melvyn R. Werbach.

Chromium, Research references

Admin

January 1999

1. Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA et al. Urinary chromium excretion of human subjects. Effects of chromium supplementation and glucose loading. Am J Clin Nutr 36: 1184 1193, 1982.
2. Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA, Patterson KY, Veillon C, Glinsmann. Effects of chromium supplementation on urinary Cr excretion with selected clinical parameters. J Nutr, 113: 276-281, 1983.
3. Anderson RA et al. Chromium supplementation of humans with hypoglycemia. Fed Proc 43:471, 1984.
4. Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA. Acute effects on chromium, copper, zinc and selected clinical variables in urine and serum of male runners. Biol Trace Elem Res 6: 327-336, 1984.
5. Anderson RA, Kozlovsky AS. Chromium intake, absorption and excretion of subjects consuming self-selected diets. Am J Clin Nutr 42: 1177-1183, 1985.
6. Anderson RA. Chromium metabolism and its role in disease processes in man. Clin Physiol Biochem, 4: 31 41, 1986.
7. Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA, et al.: Effects of supplemental chromium on patients with symptoms of reactive hypoglycemia. Metabolism 36; 4:351-5, 1987.
8. Anderson RA. Chromium and its role in lean body mass and weight reduction. Nutrition Report 11: 41, 46, 1991.
9. Anderson RA: Chromium, glucose tolerance, and diabetes.; Biol Trace Elem Res 32, pp. 19-24, 1992.
10. Anderson R et al. Beneficial Effect of Chromium for People with Type II Diabetes. Diabetes 45; suppl. 2; 124A/454, 1996.
11. Baker B. Chromium Supplements Tied to Glucose Control. Family Practice News; 5; July 15, 1996.
12. Borel JS, nderson RA. Biochemistry of the essential ultratrace elements. New York: Plenum. p 175-199, 1984.
13. Brewer G, Turkay A, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Barnett J. Chromium supplementation and insulin sensitivity in psoriasis. Abstract. J Am Coll Nutr 12:588, 1993.
14. Bunker VW, Lawson MS, Delves HT, Clayton BE. The intake and excretion of chromium by the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 39: 799-802, 1984.
15. Clausen J. Chromium induced clinical improvement in symptomatic hypoglycemia. Biol Trace Elem Res 17:229-36, 1988.
16. Donaldson DL, Rennert OM. Metabolism of trace elements in man, vol. 2: genetic implications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p 113-132, 1984.
17. Evans GW, Ropginksi EE, Mertz W. Interaction of the glucose tolerance factor (GFW) with insulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 50: 718-722, 1973.
18. Evans GW. The effect of chromium picolinate on insulin controlled parameters in humans. Int J Biosocial Med Res 11: 163-180, 1989.
19. Gibson RS, Scythes CA. Chromium, selelnium and other trace element intakes of a selected sample of Canadian premenopausal women. Biol Trace Eleme Res 6: 105-116, 1984.
20. Gordon JB. An easy and inexpensive way to lower cholesterol? West J Med 154: 3, 1991.
21. Kozlovsky AS, Moser PB, Reiser S, Anderson RA. Effects of diets high in simple sugars on urinary chromium losses. Mctabolism 35: 515-518, 1986.
22. Lefavi R. Lipid-lowering effects of a dietary nicotinic acid-chromium III complex in male athletes. FASEB J 5;6:A1645, 1991.
23. Lefavi R et al. Lipid-lowering effect of a dietary chromium III-nicotinic acid complex in male athletes. Nutr Res 13:239-49, 1993.
24. Levine R et al. Effect of Oral chromium Supplementation of the Glucose Tolerance of Elderly Human Subjects. Metabolism 17; 114-25, 1968.
25. Menendez CE, Stoecker BJ. Nutrition and diabetes. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 15-36, 1985.
26. Offenbacher EG, Pi-Sunyer FX. Beneficial effect of chromium-rich yeast on glucose tolerance and blood lipids in elderly subjects. Diabetes 29: 919, 1980.
27. Offenbacher EG, Rinko CJ, Pi-Sunyer FX. The effects of inorganic chromium and brewer’s yeast on glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, and plasma chromium in elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 42: 454-456, 1985.
28. Offenbacher EG, Pi-Sunyer FX. Chromium in human nutrition. Ann Rev Nutr 8: 543-563, 1988.
29. Pekarek RS, Hayer EC, Rayfield EJ et al. Relationship between serum chromium concentrations and glucose utilization in normal and infected subjects. Diabetes 24: 350 353, 1975.
30. Press RI, Geller J, Evans GW. The effect of chromium picolinate on serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein fractions in human subjects. West J Med 152: 41-45, 1990.
31. Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595 1607, 1988.
32. Schroeder HA. The role of chromium in mammalian nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 21: 230-244, 1968.
33. Seaborn CD, Stoecker BJ. Effects of antacid or ascorbic acid on tissue accumulation and urinary excretion of 51chromium. Nutr Res 10: 1401-1407, 1990.
34. Simonoff M, Llabador Y, Hamon C et al. Low plasma chromium in patients with coronary artery and heart disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 6: 431-439, 1984.
35. Stoecker, BJ Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th edn. Chromium. Washington DC: Nutrition Foundation. p 287-291, 1990.
36. Stoecker BJ. Chromium. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. p 344-352, 1996.
37. Urberg M, Parent M, Mill D et al. Evidence for synergism between chromium and nicotinic acid in normalizing glucose tolerance. Diabetes 1986; 35: 37a.
38. Urberg M et al. Hypocholesterolemic effect of nicotinic acid and chromium supplementation. J Fam Pract 27;6:603-6, 1988.
39. Uusitupa MI, Kumpulainen JT, Voutilainen E, Hersio K, Sarlund H, Pyorala KP, Koivistoinen PE, Lehto JT. Effect of inorganic chromium supplementation on glucose non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Am J Clin Nutr 38: 404-410, 1983.
40. Wang M, Fox E, Stoecker B. Serum cholesterol of adults supplemented with brewer’s yeast or chromium chloride. Nutr Res 9: 989-998, 1989.
41. Wedrychowski A, Ward WA, Schmidt WN, Hnilica LS. Chromium-induced cross-linking of nuclear proteins and DNA. J Biol Chem 260: 7150-7155, 1985.
42. Wolf W, Mertz W, Masironi R. Determination of chromium in refined and unrefined sugars. J Agr Food Chem 22: 1037-1042, 1974.

Sources:
Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr., Michael T. Murrey & Melvyn R. Werbach.

Copper, Research references

Admin

January 1999

1. Anonymous. Copper affects atherosclerosis. Med Tribune 1991; 32: 6.
2. Banford JC et al. Serum Copper and Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 41; 5: 458-62, 1982.
3. Bland, J. Copper salicylates and complexes in molecular medicine. Int Clin Nutr Rev 4; 3: 130-4, 1984.
4. Conforti A, Franco L, Menegale G, et al. Serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels in rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative joint disease and their pharmacological implications. Pharmacol Res Commun 15; 9: 859-67, 1983.
5. Dowdy RP. Copper metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 1969; 22: 887.
6. Evans GW. Copper homeostasis in the mammalian system. Physiol Rev 1973; 53: 535.
7. Fields M, Ferretti RJ, Smith JC Jr, Reiser S. The interaction of type of dietary carbohydrates with copper deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 39: 289-295.
8. Fletcher MP, Gershwin ME, Keen CL et al. Trace element deficiences and immune responsiveness in human and animal models. In: Chandra RK, ed. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p 215-239.
9. Goyens P et al. Copper deficiency in infants with active celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 4; (4):677-80, 1985.
10. Grennan DM et al. Serum copper and zinc in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. N Z Med J 91; 652: 47-50, 1980.
11. Hangarter W. Copper salicylate in rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatism-like degenerative diseases. Med Welt 31:1625, 1980.
12. Honkanen VEA et al. Plasma zinc and copper concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis: Influence of dietary factors and disease activity. Am J Clin Nutr 54: 1082-6, 1991.
13. Jacka T et al. Copper salicylate as an anti-inflammatory and analgaesic agent in arthritic rats. Life Sci 32: 1023, 1983.
14. Jameson S et al. Copper malabsorption in coeliac disease. Sci Total Environ 42; (1-2):29-36, 1985.
15. Kelley DS, Dauda PA, Taylor PC et al. Effects of low-copper diets on human immune response. Am J Clin Nutr 19g5; 62: 412-416.
16. Kishore V et al. Effect of a nutritional copper deficiency on the development of adjuvant arthritis in the rat, in DD Hemphill, Ed. Trace Substances in Environmental Health XVI. Columbia, MO, U. of Missouri, 1982.
17. Klevay LM. Metabolism of trace metals in man, vol. 1. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 1984: p 129-157.
18. Linder M.C. Copper. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1996: p 307-319.
19. Lynch S, Klevay L. Effects of a dietary copper deficiency on plasma coagulation factor activities in male and female mice. J Nutr Biochem 3:387, 1992.
20. Mussalo-Rauhamaa H et al. Predictive clinical and laboratory parameters for serum zinc and copper in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 47; (10): 816-19, 1988.
21. Niedermeier W. Concentration and chemical state of copper in synovial fluid and blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 24: 544, 1965.
22. O’Dell BL. Copper. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th edn. Washington DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1990: p 261-265.
23. Okuyama S et al. Copper complexes of non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents: Analgesic activity and possible opioid receptor activation. Agents Actions 21; (1-2): 130-44, 1987.
24. Percival S.S. Neutropenia caused by copper deficiency. Possible mechanisms of action. Nutr Rev 1995; 53: 59 66.
25. Pocino M, Baute L, Malav’e I. Influence of oral administration of excess copper on the immune response. Fund Appl Therap 1991; 16: 249-256.
26. Posacki C, et al. Plasma, Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium Levels in Patients with Premenstrual Tension Syndrome, Acta syndrome : Obstet Gynecol Scand 73 : 452-5, 1994.
27. Reunanen A, Knekt P, Marniemi J et al. Serum calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc and risk of cardiovascular death. Eur J Clin Nutr 50: 431-437.
28. Schroeder HA, Nason AP, Tipton IH. Essential trace metals in man. J Chron Dis 1966; 19: 1007-1034.
29. Sorenson JRJ. Copper chelates as possible active forms of anti-arthritic agents. J Med Chem 19: 135, 1976.
30. Sorenson JRJ, Hangarter W. Treatment of Rheumatoid and Degenerative Diseases with Copper Complexes: A review with Emphasis on Copper-salicylate. Inflammation 2; 3: 217-38, 1977.
31. Sorenson JRJ. Copper complexes: A unique class of anti-arthritic drugs. Prog Med Chem 15: 211, 1978.
32. Sorenson JRJ. The Anti-inflammatory Activities of Copper Complexes, Metal Ions and Biological Systems. Marcel Dekker, 1982: 77-125.
33. Stemmer KL, Petering HG, Murthy L et al. Copper deficiency effects on cardiovascular systems and lipid metabolism in the rat the role of dietary proteins and excessive zinc. Ann Nutr Metabol 1985; 29: 332-347.
34. Watts DL. The nutritional relationships of copper. J Orthomol Med 4(2): 99-108, 1989.
35. Youssef AA et al. Serum copper: A marker of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Pathol 36; 1: 14-17, 1983.
36. Zelkowitz M, Verghese JP, Antel J. Zinc and copper in medicine. Springfield IL: Charles C. Thomas. 1980: p 418-463.

Sources:
Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr., Michael T. Murrey & Melvyn R. Werbach.

Magnesium, Research references

Admin

January 1999

1. Abraham AS, Eylath U et al. Serum magnesium levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction. New Eng J Med 296: 862-863, 1977.
2. Abraham GE, Flechas JD. Hypothesis: Management of fibromyalgia: rationale for the use of magnesium and malic acid. J Nutr Med 3:49-59, 1992.
3. Annand JC. Pyridoxine and magnesium in the treatment of shock. Lancet ii: 340-1, 1957.
4. Berger DS, Reiter WM, Vorce DE, et al. Prevalence of red blood cell magnesium deficiency in HIV-1 infected patients and its association with fatigue and myalgia. Abstract. J Am Coll Nutr 13; 5: 522, 1994.
5. Brenton DP, Gordon TE. Fluid and electrolyte disorders. Magnesium. Br J Hospital Med 1: 60-69, 1984.
6. Curry DL et al.:Magnesium modulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion by the perfused rat
7. pancreas. Endocrinology 101:203, 1977.
8. Dahle LO, Berg G, Hammar M et al. The effect of oral magnesium substitution on pregnancy-induced leg cramps. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 175-180.
9. DeLuca HF. The Vitamin D system in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Nutr Rev 1979; 37: 161-193.
10. Dreosti, IE. Magnesium status and health. Nutr Rev 1995; 53: S23-S27.
11. Dunn MJ, Waber M. Magnesium depletion in normal man. Metabolism 1966; 15: 884-895.
12. Eisinger J, Bagneres D, Arroyo P, et al. Effects of magnesium, high energyphosphates, piracetam and thiamin on erythrocyte transketolase. Magnes Res 7(1):59-61, 1994.
13. Eriksson J, Kohvakka A. Magnesium and ascorbic acid supplementation in diabetes mellitus. Ann Nutr Metab 394:217-23, 1995.
14. Fletcher MP, Gershwin ME, Keen CL et al. Trace element deficiences and immune responsiveness in humans and animal models. In: Chandra RJ, ed. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p 215-239.
15. Hallson PG, Rose G, Sulaiman SM. Magnesium reduces calcium oxalate crystal formahon in human whole unne. Clin Sci 62: 17-19, 1982.
16. Hodgkinson A, Marshall DH, Nordin BEC. Vitamin D and magncsium absorption in man. Clin Sci 1979; 57: 121-123.
17. Howard JMH. Magnesium deficiency in peripheral vascular disease. J Nutr Med 1990; 1: 39-49.
18. Johansson G et al. Biochemical and clinical effects of prophylactic treatment of renal calcium stones with magnesium hydroxide. J Urol 124; 6:770-4, 1980.
19. Johansson G, Backman U, Danielson B et al. Magnesium metabolism in renal stone formers. Effects of therapy with magnesium hydroxide. Scand J Urol Nephrol 53: 125-130, 1980.
20. Johansson G. Magnesium and renal stone disease. Acta Med Scand; suppl 661:13-18, 1982
21. Johansson G et al. Effects of magnesium hydroxide in renal stone disease. J Am Coll Nutr 1, 2:179-85, 1982.
22. Jones JE, Manalo R, Flink EB et al. Magnesium requirements in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1967; 20: 632.
23. Laban E, Chardon GA. Magnesium and cardiac arrhythmias. Nutrient or drug? J Am Coll Nutr 1986; 5: 521-532.
24. Lemke, MR. Plasma magnesium decrease and altered calcium/magnesium ratior in severe dementia of the Alzheimer typc. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 37: 341-343.
25. Lindberg J, Harvey J, Pak CYC. Effect of magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine: changes produced by food-magnesium interaction. J Urol 143; 2:248-51, 1990.
26. Lyon E, Borden T, Ellis J, Vermeulen C. Calcium oxalate lithiasis produced by pyridoxine deficiency and inhibition with high magnesium diets. Invest Urol 4: 133-142, 1966.
27. Posacki C, et al. Plasma, Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium Levels in Patients with Premenstrual Tension Syndrome, Acta syndrome : Obstet Gynecol Scand 73; 452-5, 1994.
28. Prien EL, Gershoff S. Magnesium oxide-pyridoxine therapy for recurring calcium oxalate urinary calculi. J Urol 112:509-512, 1974.
29. Rattan VF, Sidhu H, Vaidyanathan S, et al. Effect of combined supplementation of magnesium oxide and pyridoxine in calcium-oxalate stone formers. Urol Res 22; 3:161-5, 1994.
30. Resnick LM, Gupta RK, Laragh JH. Intracellular free magnesium to erythrocytes of essential hypertension. Relation to blood pressure and serum divalent cations. Proc Nat Aca Sci 1984 81: 6511-6515.
31. Romano TJ, Stiller JW. Magnesium deficiency in fibromyalgia syndrome. J Nutr Med 4:165-7, 1994.
32. Romano TJ. Magnesium deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Nutr Environ Med 7: 107-11, 1997.
33. Rude RK, Olerich Ml. Magnesium deficiency: Possible role in osteoporosis associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Osteoporosis Int 6; (6):453-61, 1996.
34. Rushton H, Spector M. Effects of magnesium deficiency on intra tubular calcium oxalate formation and crystalluria in hyperoxaluric rats. J Urol 127: 598-604, 1982.
35. Seelig MS. The requirement of magnesium by the normal adult. Am J Clin Nutr 14: 342-390, 1964.
36. Seelig MS, Heggtveit H. Magnesium interrelationships in ischemic heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 27: 59-79, 1974.
37. Seelig MS. Magnesium in oncogenesis and in anti-cancer treatment interaction with minerals and vitamins. In: Ouillian, P, Williams, RM, eds. Adjucant nutrition in cancer treatment. Publ Cancer Treatment Res Foundation, 15: 238-318, 1993.
38. Schmiedl A, Schwille P. Magnesium status in idiopathic calcium urolithiasis – An orientational study in younger males. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 34:393-40, 1996.
39. Sheehan JP, Seelig MS. Interactions of magnesium and potassium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Magnesium 3: 301-314, 1984.
40. Shils, ME. Magnesium. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1996: p 256-264.
41. Shils ME. Experimental human magnesium depletion. Medicine 1969; 48: 61-85.
42. Shils ME. Experimental human magnesium depletion. I. Clinical observations and blood chemistry alterations. Am J Clin Nutr 1964; 15: 133-143.
43. Shine Kl. Myocardial effects of magnesium. Am J Physiol 1979; 237: H413-H423.
44. Singh RB, Cameron EA. Relation of myocardial magnesium deficiency to sudden death in ischemic heart disease. Am Heart J 1982; 103: 399-450.
45. Sjogren A, Edvinsson L, Fallgren B. Magnesium deficiency in coronary artery diseases and cardiac arrhythmias. J Int Med 1989; 226: 213-222.
46. Takahasi E. The magnesium:calcium ratio in the concentrated urines of patients with calcium oxalate calculi. Invest Urol 10:147, 1972.
47. Tucker MM, Turco SJ. Human nutrition. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 1983: p 25-28.
48. Wacker WEC, Parisi AF. Magnesium metabolism. N Eng J Med 1968; 278: 658-663, 712-717, 772-786.
49. Watson WS, Lyon TDB, Hilditch TE. Red cell magnesium as a function of cell age. Metabol Clin Exp 1980; 29: 397-399.
50. White JR et al. Magnesium and Diabetes: A Review. Ann Pharmacother 27: 775-80, 1993.
51. Wunderlich W. Aspects of the influence of magnesium ions on the formation of calcium oxalate. Urol Res 1981; 9: 157-160.

Sources:
Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr., Michael T. Murrey & Melvyn R. Werbach.

Manganese, Research references

Admin

January 1999

1. Baly DL, Curry DL, Keen CL, Hurley LS. Effect of manganese deficiency on insulin secretion and homeostasis in rats. J Nutr 1984; 114: 1438-1446.
2. Beisel WR. Single nutrients and immunity. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 35: 456.
3. Bertinchamps AJ, Miller ST, Cotzias GC. Interdependence of routes excreting manganese. Am J Physiol 1966 211: 217-224.
4. Britton AA, Cotzias GC. Dependence of manganese turnover on intake. Am J Physiol 1966; 221: 203-206.
5. Cotzias GC et al. Slow turnover of manganese in active rheumatoid arthritis and acceleration by prednisone. J Clin Invest 47:992, 1968.
6. Davidsson L, Almgren A, Juillerat MA et al. Manganese absorption in humans. The effect of phytic acid and ascorbic acid in soy formula. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 62: 984-987.
7. Engel RW, Price NO, Miller RF Copper, manganese, cobalt, and molybdenum balance in pre-adolescent girls. J Nutr 1967; 92: 197-204.
8. Greger JL, Baligar P, Abernathy RP et al. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, coppcr, and manganese balance in adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31: 117-121.
9. Gribauskas P et al. Manganese levels in hair as an additional indicator for early diagnosis of ischemic disease of the heart. Lab Delo ;10:629, 1985.
10. Gruden N. Suppression of transduodenal manganese transport by milk diet supplemented with iron. Nutr Metabol 1977; 21: 305-309.
11. Guthrie BE, Robinson MF. Daily intakes of manganese, copper, zinc and cadmium by New Zealand women. Br J Nutr 1977; 38: 55-63.
12. Keen, CL, Zidenberg-Cherr, S. Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1990: p 279-286.
13. Keen, CL, Zidenberg-Cherr, S. Manganese. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Fo~ndation.1996: p 334-343.
14. Kies C, ed. Nutritional bioavailability of manganese. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. 1982.
15. McLeod BE, Robinson MF. Metabolic balance of manganese in young women. Br J Nutr 1972; 27: 221-227.
16. Schlage C, Wortberg B. Manganese in the diet of healthy preschool and school children. Acta Paediatr Scand 1972, 61: 648-652.
17. Spencer H, Asmussen CR, Holtzman RB et al. Metabolic balances of cadmium, copper, manganese, and zinc in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1979; 32: 1867-1875.
18. Wenlock RW, Buss DH, Dixon EJ. Manganese in British food. Br J Nutr 1979; 41: 253-261.

Sources:
Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr., Michael T. Murrey & Melvyn R. Werbach.

Selenium, Research references

Admin

January 1999

  1. Bruce A et al. The effect of selenium and vitamin E on glutathione peroxidase levels and subjective symptoms in patients with arthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis, in Proc N Z Workshop on Trace Elements in N Z. Dunedin, U. of Otago, 1981: 92.
  2. Chen X, Xiaoshu, Chen X et al. Selenium in biology and medicine. New York: AVI/Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1987: p 589-607.
  3. Clark LC. The epidemiology of selenium and cancer. Fed Proc 1985; 44: 2584-2589.
  4. Clark L, Combs GF Jr, Turnbull BW et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. JAMA 1996.
  5. Constans J, Pellegrin JL, Sergeant C, et al. Serum selenium predicts outcome in HIV infection. J AIDS Human Retrovirol 10:392, 1995.
  6. Delmas-Beauvieux M-C, Peuchant E, Couchouron A, et al. The enzymatic antioxidant system in blood and glutathione status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients: Effects of supplementation with selenium or carotene. Am J Clin Nutr 64:101-7, 1996.
  7. Fletcher MP, Gershwin ME, Keen CL et al. Trace element deficiences and immune responsiveness in humans and animal models. In: Chandra RK, ed. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R, Liss. p 215-239, 1988.
  8. Gebre-Medhin M et al. Selenium supplementation in X-linked muscular dystrophy. Effects on erythrocyte and serum selenium and on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. Acta Paediatr Scand 74;6:886-90, 1985.
  9. Glover JR. Proceedings of the symposium on selenium-tellurium environments. Pittsburgh: Industrial Health Foundation. 1976: p 279-292.
  10. Hinks LJ, Inwards KD, Lloyd B, Clayton BE. Body content of selenium in coeliac disease. Br Med J Clin Res 288:1862-3, 1984.
  11. Jackson ML. Selenium. Present status and perspectives in biology and medicine. Clifton, NJ: Humana Press. 1988: p 13-21.
  12. James S et al. Effekter av selenvitamin E-behandling till kvinnor med lång variga arbetsrelaterade nack-och skuldersmärtor. En dubbelblindstudie. Läkaresällskapets Riksstämma, 1985.
  13. Jameson S et al. Pain relief and selenium balance in patients with connective tissue disease and osteoarthrosis: A double-blind selenium tocopherol supplementation study. Nutr Res Suppl 1: 391-7, 1985.
  14. Juhlin L et al. Blood glutathione-peroxidase levels in skin diseases: Effect of selenium and vitamin E treatment. Acta Derm Venereal (Stockh) 62; 3: 211-4, 1982.
  15. Karakucuk S et al. Selenium concentrations in serum, lens and aqueous humor of patients with senile cataract. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 73:323-32, 1995.
  16. Kok FJ et al. Decreased selenium levels in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 261;8:1161-4, 1989.
  17. Korpela H et al. Effect of selenium supplementation after acute myocardial infarction. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 65:249-52, 1989.
  18. Kose K et al. Plasma selenium levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Biol Trace Elem Res 53: 51-6, 1996.
  19. L’Abbe M, Fischer W, Trick K et al. Dietary Se and tumor glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. J Nutr Biochem 1991; 2: 430-436.
  20. Levander OA. A global review of human selenium nutrition. Ann Rev Nutr 1987; 7: 227-250.
  21. Levander OA. Trace substances in environmental health – 23. Springfield: University of Missouri. 1990: p 11-19.
  22. Levander, OA, Burk, RF. Selenium. In. Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1996: p 320-328.
  23. Longnecker GF. Nutrition and cancer prevention: investigating the role of micronutrients. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1989: p 389-420.
  24. Macpherson A, Scott R, Yates R. The Effect of Selenium Supplementation in Sub-Fertile Males. (Abstract), 8th International Conference on Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals, 1993.
  25. Moore JA et al. Selenium concentrations in plasma of patients with arteriographically defined coronary atherosclerosis. Clin Chem 30:1171, 1984
  26. Munthe E, Aaseth J. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Selenium and Vitamin E. Scan J of Rheumatol 53 (suppl.): 103, 1984.
  27. Oster O et al. The serum selenium concentration of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Ann Clin Res 18;1:36-42, 1986.
  28. Overad K, Thorling EB, Bjerring P, Ebbesen P. Selenium inhibits W-light-induced skin caronogenesis in hairless mice. Cancer Lett 1985; 27: 163-170.
  29. Peretz A, Nève J, Famaey J. Selenium in rheumatic diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 20: 305-16, 1991.
  30. Peretz A, Nève J, Duchateau J, Famaey JP. Adjuvant treatment of recent onset rheumatoid arthritis by selenium supplementation: Preliminary observations. Br J Rheumatol 31: 281-6, 1992.
  31. Robinson MF et al. Effect of daily supplements of selenium on patients with muscular complaints in Otago and Canterbury. N Z Med J 93:289-292, 1981.
  32. Salonen JT et al. Association between cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction and serum selenium in a matched-pair longitudinal study. Lancet ii:175-9, 1982
  33. Salonen JT, Alfthan G, Huttunen JK, Puska P. Association between serum selenium and the risk of cancer. Am J Epidem 1984; 120: 342-349.
  34. Salonen JT et al. Interactions of serum copper, selenium, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in atherogenesis. Br Med J 302:756-60, 1991.
  35. Schrauzer GN, Sacher J. Selenium in the maintenance and Therapy of HIV-infected patients. Chem Biol Interact 91:199-205, 1994.
  36. Shamberger RJ, Frost DV. rossible protective effect of selenium against human cancer. Can Med Assoc J 1969; 100: 682.
  37. Shamberger RJ. Biochemistry of selenium. New York: Plenum. 1983.
  38. Sklodowska M, Wasowicz W, Gromnadzinska J, et al. Selenium and vitamin E concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes of angina pectoris patients. Trace Elem Med 8:113-17, 1991.
  39. Stead NW et al. Selenium Se balance in the dependent elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 39:677, 1984.
  40. Stone WL et al. Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels in male rats. Ann Nutr Metab 30:94-103, 1986.
  41. Suadicani P, Hein H, Gyntelberg F. Serum selenium concentration and risk of ischaemic heart disease in an prospective cohort study of 3000 males. Atherosclerosis 96:33-42, 1992.
  42. Sunde RA. Molecular biology of selenoproteins. Ann Rev Nutr 1990; 10: 451-474.
  43. Sword J, Pope A, Hoekstra W. Endotoxin and lipid peroxidation in vitro in selenium- and vitamin E-deficient and -adequate rat tissues. J Nutr 1991; 121: 258-264.
  44. Tarp U et al. Low selenium level in severe rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 14: 97, 1985.
  45. Tarp U et al. Selenium Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Scandinavian J of Rheumatol 14: 364-8, 1985.
  46. Vanderpas JB, Contempre B, Duale NL et al. Iodine and selenium deficiency associated with cretinism in northern Zaire. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 52: 1087-1094.
  47. Van Rij AM et al. Selenium deficiency in total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 32:2076-85, 1979.
  48. Virtamo J et al. Serum selenium and the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Am J Epidemiol 122:276-82, 1985.
  49. Winnefeld K, Dawczynski H, Schirrmeister W et al. Selenium in serum and whole blood in patients with surgical interventions. Biological Trace Element Res 1995; 50: 149-155.
  50. Wright JV, Ogle DJ, Hoare L. Improvement of vision in macular degeneration associated with intravenous zinc and selenium therapy: two cases. J Nutr Med 1:133-8, 1990.
  51. Yang GQ Wang SZ, Ahou RH, Sun SZ. Endemic selenium intoxication of humans in China. Am J Clin Nutr 1983- 37: 872-881.
  52. Yu SY et al. Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China. Biol Trace Elem Res 21; 1-2:15-22, 1989.
  53. Zazzo JF, Chalas J, Lafont A, et al. Is nonobstructive cardiomyopathy in AIDS a selenium deficiency-related disease? Letter. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 12; (5):537-8, 1988.
  54. Zielonka E et al. Sulfur and selenium levels in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Reumatologia 20; 3-4: 217-20, 1982.
  55. Örndahl G et al. Myotonic dystrophy and selenium. Acta Med Scand 211:493-9, 1982.
  56. Örndahl G et al. Selenium therapy of myotonic dystrophy. Acta Med Scand 213;3:237-9, 1983.
  57. Örndahl G et al. Myotonic dystrophy treated with selenium and vitamin E. Acta Med Scand 219:409-44, 1986.

 

Sources:
Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr., Michael T. Murrey & Melvyn R. Werbach.

Zinc, Research references

Admin

January 1999

1. Aamodt RL, Rumble WF, Johnston GS et al. Absorption of orally administrated 65Zn (zinc) by normal human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 2648-2652.
2. Bales CW, Freeland-Graves JH, Askey S et al. Zinc, magnesium, copper, and protein concentrations in human saliva. Age- and sex-related differences. Am J Clin Nutr 1990, 51: 462-469.
3. Balogh Z et al. Plasma Zinc and its relationship to clinical symptoms and drug treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 39(4): 329-32, 1980.
4. Berg JM, Shi Y. The galvanization of biology. A growing appreciation for the roles of zinc. Science 1996; 271: 1081-1085.
5. Brody I. Topical treatment of recurrent herpes simplex and post-herpetic erythema multiforme with low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution. Br J Dermatol 104; (2):191-4, 1981.
6. Caselli M, Bicocchi R. Taux serique du zinc chez les malades atteints du syndrome d’immunodeficit acquis. Presse Med 37:1877-8, 1986 (in French).
7. Cunnigham-Rundles S, Cunningham-Rundles WF. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p 197-214.
8. Cousins RJ, Hempe JM. Zinc. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1990: p 251-260.
9. Cousins RJ. Zinc. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. p 293-306, 1996.
10. Crofton RW et al. Zinc metabolism in celiac disease. Am J Clin Nutr 52; (2):379-82, 1990.
11. DeBartolo HM Jr. Zinc and diet for tinnitus. Am J Otol 10; 3: 256, 1989.
12. De Gordon AM. Effects of adjuvant therapy with zinc in human immunodeficiency infection. Abstract. J Am Coll Nutr 11; (5):601, 1992.
13. De Gordon AM. Evaluation of tissue zinc status through cell-mediated immune response in HIV disease. Abstract. J Am Coll Nutr 11; (5):602, 1992.
14. Eby GA. Use of topical zinc to prevent recurrent herpes simplex infection: Review of literature and suggested protocols. Med Hypotheses 17:157-65, 1985.
15. Eby GA. Linearity in dose-response from zinc lozenges in treatment of common colds. J Pharmacy Technol 11:110-22, 1995.
16. Engel ED et al. Diabetes melitus: Impaired Wound Healing from Zinc Deficiency. J Am Pod Assoc 71: 536-44, 1981.
17. Finnerty EF. Topical zincin the treatment of herpes simplex. Cutis 37; (2):130-1, 1986.
18. Fitzherbert J. Genital herpes and zinc. Med J Aust 1:399, 1979.
19. Gersdorff M et al. The zinc sulfate overload test in patients suffering from tinnitus associated with low serum zinc. Preliminary report. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 41; 3: 498-505, 1987.
20. Gersdorff M et al. A clinical correlation between hypozincemia and tinnitus. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 244; 3:190-3, 1987.
21. Gibson RS, Anderson BM, Scythes CA. Regional differences in hair zinc concentrations. A possible effect of water hardness. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 37: 37-42.
22. Godfrey JC, Sloane B, Smith D. Zinc gluconate and the common cold: a controlled clinical study. J Int Med Res 20; 3:234-46, 1992.
23. Gordon YJ et al. Irreversible inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication in BSC-1 cells by zinc ions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 8; (3):377-80, 1975.
24. Grennan DM et al. Serum copper and zinc in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. N Z Med J 91; 652: 47-50, 1980.
25. Hambidge KM. Zinc deficiency in young children. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 160-161.
26. Haring BSA, Van Delft W. Changes in the mineral composition of food as a result of cooking in ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ waters. Arch Environ Health 1981; 36: 33-35.
27. Hegazi SM et al. Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Serum Glucose, Insulin, Glucagon, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Mineral Levels in Diabetics. J Clin Biochem Nutr 12: 209-15, 1992.
28. Honkanen VEA et al. Plasma zinc and copper concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis: Influence of dietary factors and disease activity. Am J Clin Nutr 54: 1082-6, 1991.
29. Huber AM, Gershoff SN. Effects of zinc deficiency on the oxidation of retinol and ethanol in rats. J Nutr 10:11:1486-90, 1975.
30. King JC, Hambidge KM, Westcott JL et al. Daily variation in plasma zinc concentrations in women fed meals at six-hour intervals. J Nutr 1994; 124: 508-516.
31. King JC. Does poor zinc nutriture retard skeletal growth and mineralization in adolescents? Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 64: 375-376.
32. Kondo T, Toda Y, Matsui H. Effects of exercise and sleep deprivation on serum zinc. J Trace Elem Exp Med 1990; 3: 324-354, 1990.
33. Koyama H, Hosokai H, Tamura S et al. Positive association between serum zinc and apolipoprotein A-II concentrations in middle-aged males who regularly consume alcohol. Am J Clin Nutr 57: 657-661, 1993.
34. Krebs NF, Reidinger CJ, Hartley S et al. Zinc supplementation during lactation. Effects on maternal status and milk zinc concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 61: 1030-1036, 1995.
35. Krotkiewski M et al. Zinc and muscle strength and endurance. Acta Physiol Scand 116; 3: 309-11, 1982.
36. Mahajan S, Prasad A, Brewer G et al. Effect of changes in dietary zinc intake on taste acuity and dark adaptation in normal human subjects. J Trace Elem Exp Med 5: 33-45, 1992.
37. Mares-Perlman JA et al. Association of zinc and antioxidant nutrients with age-related maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 114:991-7, 1996.
38. Masters DG, Keen CL, Lonnerdal B, Hurley LS. Zinc deficiency teratogenicity. The protective role of maternal tissue catabolism. J Nutr 113: 905-912, 1983.
39. Mattingly PC et al. Zinc Sulphate in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheuma Dis 41: 456-7, 1982.
40. Meadows NJ, Ruse W, Smith MF et al. Zinc and small babies. Lancet 2: 1135-1137, 1981.
41. Menkes C-J et al. Traitement de la polyarthrite rheumatoide par le sulfate de zinc par os. Presse Med 7: 760, 1978 (French).
42. Mobarhan S et al. Dietary zinc deficiency produces electroretinogram ERG abnormalities without depleting total ocular zinc. Fed Proc 43:685, 1984.
43. Mocchegiani E, Veccia S, Ancarani F, et al. Benefit of Oral Zinc supplementation (as an adjunct to Zidovudine (AZT)) Therapy against Opportunistic Infections in AIDS. Int J Immunopharmacol 17; (9):719-27, 1995.
44. Moser-Veillon PB, Reynolds RD. A longitudinal study of pyridoxine and zinc supplementation of lactating women. Am Clin Nutr 52: 135-141, 1990.
45. Mossad SB, Macknin ML, Medendorp SV et al. Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold. A randomized, placebo controlled study. Ann Intern Med 125: 81-88, 1996.
46. Mussalo-Rauhamaa H et al. Predictive clinical and laboratory parameters for serum zinc and copper in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 47; 10: 816-19, 1988.
47. Naveh Y et al. Zinc metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: plasma and urinary zinc and relationship to disease activity. J Rheumatol 24; 4: 643-6, 1997.
48. Newsome DA, Swartz M, Leone NC, et al. Oral zinc in macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 106:2:192-8, 1988.
49. Newsome DA et al. Zinc content of human retinal pigment epithelium decreases with age and macular degeneration, but superoxide dismutase activity increases. J Trace Elem Exp Med 8:193-9, 1995.
50. Nishi Y. Anemia and zinc deficiency in the athlete. J Am Col Nutr 15: 323-324, 1996.
51. Pandley SP et al. Zinc in rheumatoid arthritis. Indian J Med Res 81: 618-20, 1985.
52. Peretz A, Nève J, Jeghers O, Pelen F. Zinc distribution in blood components, inflammatory status, and clinical indexes of disease activity during zinc supplementation in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 57: 690-4, 1993.
53. Posacki C, et al. Plasma, Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium Levels in Patients with Premenstrual Tension Syndrome, Acta syndrome : Obstet Gynecol Scand 73; 452-5, 1994.
54. Prasad ASP. Clinical biochemical and nutritional spectrum of zinc deficiency in human subjects: An update. Nutr Rev 41: 197-208, 1983.
55. Rangnekar GV, Gamur MS. Serum and urinary zinc levels in urolithiasis. Br J Urology 71:527-9, 1993.
56. Reunanen A, Knekt P, Marniemi J et al Serum calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc and risk of cardiovascular death. Eur J Clin Nutr 50: 431 – 437, .
57. Shambaugh GE Jr. Zinc for tinnitus, imbalance, and hearing loss in the elderly. Am J Otol 7; 6:476-7, 1986.
58. Simmer K, Thompson RP. Maternal zinc and intrauterine growth retardation. Clin Sci 68: 395-399, 1985.
59. Singal PK, Dhillon KS, Beamish RE, et al. Protective action of zinc against catecholamine-induced myocardial changes. Electrocardiographic and ultrastructural studies. Lab Invest 44:426, 1981.
60. Soltan MH, Jenkins DM. Maternal and fetal plasma zinc concentration and fetal abnormality. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 89: 56, 1982.
61. Sandstead HH. WO Atwater memorial lecture. Zinc. Essentially for brain dcvelopment and function. Nutr Rev 1985; 43: 129-137, 1985.
62. Schauss AG, Bryce-Smith D. Nutrients and brain function. Basil: Karger. p 151-162, 1987.
63. Shah DR et al. Effect of oral zinc sulphate on serum lipids and lipoproteins in human subjects. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 32;1:47-50, 1988.
64. Shambaugh GE Jr – interviewed in Anonymous. Hearing loss may be linked to zinc deficiency. Geriatrics 38; 4:21, 1983.
65. Shambaugh GE Jr. Zinc for tinnitus, imbalance, and hearing loss in the elderly. Am J Otol. 7: 476-477, 1986.
66. Shambaugh GE Jr. Zinc. The neglected nutrient. Am J Otol. 10: 156-160, 1989.
67. Shambaugh GE. Zinc, an essential nutrient for hearing and balance. Int J Biosocial Med Res. 13: 192-199, 1991.
68. Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet ii: 539-42, 1976.
69. Simkin PA. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Oral Zinc Sulfate. Agents and Actions; (suppl.) 8: 587-95, 1981.
70. Sturniolo GC, Montino MC, Rossetto L et al. Inhibition of gastric acid secrecion reduces zinc absorption in man. J Am Col Nutr 4: 372-375, 1991.
71. Svenson KL et al. Reduced zinc in peripheral blood cells from patients with inflammatory connective tissue diseases. Inflammation 9; 2: 189-99, 1985.
72. Takihara H, Cosentino MJ, Cockett AT. Effect of low-dose androgen and zinc sulfate on sperm motility and seminal zinc levels in infertile men. Urology 22: 160, 1983.
73. Taper LJ, Oliva JT, Ritchey SJ. Zinc and copper retention during pregnancy. The adequacy of prenatal diets with and without dietary supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 41: 1184-1192, 1985.
74. Taylor CM, Bacon JR, Aggett PJ et al. Homeostatic regulation of zinc absorption and endogenous losses in zinc-deprived men. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 755-763, 1991.
75. Thomas EA, Bailey LB, Kauwell GA et al. Erythrocyte metallothionein response to dietary zinc in humans. J Nutr 122: 2408-2414, 1992.
76. Tuormaa TE. Adverse effects of zinc deficiency. A review from the literature. J Orthomol Med 10: 149-164, 1995.
77. Ulshafer RJ. Zinc content in melanosomes of degenerating RPE as measured by X-ray maping. Prog Clin Biol Res 314:131-9, 1989.
78. Wagner PA, Bailey LB, Christakis GJ, Dinning JS. Serum zinc concentrations in adolescents as related to sexual maturation. Human Nutr. Clin Nutr 39C: 459, 1985.
79. Zlotkin SH, Casselman CW. Urinary zinc excretion in normal subjects. J Trace Elem Exp Med. 3: 13-21, 1990.

 

Sources:
Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr., Michael T. Murrey & Melvyn R. Werbach.

Essential fatty acids, Research references

Admin

January 1999

1. Adler AJ, Holub BJ: Effect of garlic and fish-oil supplementation on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 65:445-450, 1997.
2. Albert CM, Hennekens CH, Willett WC, Manson JE, et al.: Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death. JAMA 279:23-28, 1998.
3. Amusquivar E, Ruperez FJ, Barbas C, Herrera E: Low arachidonic acid rather than alpha-tocopherol is responsible for the delayed postnatal development in off… J Nutr 130:11:2855-65, 2000.
4. Annuzzi G, Rivellese A, Capaldo B, Di Marino L, et al.: A controlled study on the effects of n-3 fatty acids on lipid and glucose metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabet. Atherosclerosis 87:1:65-73, 1991.
5. Appel LJ: The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure. Omega-3 News:1:1-4 , 1994.
6. Ariza-Ariza R, Mestanza-Peralta M, Cardiel MH: Omega-3 fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis: an overview. Semin Arthritis Rheum 27:6:366-370, 1998.
7. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci EL, et al.: Dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids, fish intake, and the risk of coronary disease among men. N Engl J Med 332:15:977-982, 1995.
8. Bagga D, Capone S, Wang HJ, Glaspy JA, et al.: Dietary modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios in patients with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 89:15:1123-31, 1997.
9. Barham JB, Edens MB, Fonteh AN, Johnson MM, et al.: Addition of eicosapentaenoic acid to gamma-linolenic acid-supplemented diets prevents serum arachidonic acid… J Nutr 130:8:1925-1931, 2000.
10. Bartels M, Nagel E, Pichlmayr R What is the role of nutrition in ulcerative colitis? A contribution to the current status of diet therapy in treatm. Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie 380:1:4-11, 1995.
11. Begin ME, Das UN, Ells G, Horrobin DF: Selective killing of human cancer cells by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Medicine 19:177-186, 1985.
12. Begin ME, Das UN: A deficiency in dietary gamma-linolenic and/or eicosapenta- enoic acids may determine individual susceptibility to AIDS. Medical Hypotheses 20 20:1-8, 1986.
13. Belluzzi A, Brignola C, Campieri M, Pera A, et al.: Effect of an enteric-coated fish-oil preparation on relapses in Crohn’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine 334:24:1557-60, 1996.
14. Berth-Jones J, Graham-Brown RA: Placebo-controlled trial of essential fatty acid supplementation in atopic dermatitis published erratum appea. Lancet 341:8860:1557-1560, 1993.
15. Bittiner SB, Tucker WF, Cartwright I, Bleehen SS: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil in psoriasis. Lancet 1:8582:378-380, 1988.
16. Bjørneboe A, Søyland E, Bjørneboe GE, Rajka G, et al.: Effect of dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 117:4:463-469, 1987.
17. Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Møller SM, Hansen JC: Modulation of atherosclerotic risk factors by seal oil: a preliminary assessment. International. J. of Circumpolar Health 60:25-33, 2001.
18. Brown JE, Wahle KW: Effect of fish-oil and vitamin E supplementation on lipid peroxidation and whole-blood aggregation in man. Clin Chim Acta 193:3:147-56, 1990.
19. Brown M: Do vitamin E and fish oil protect against ischaemic heart disease? Lancet 354:441-442, 1999.
20. Burkow IC, Henderson RJ: Analysis of polymers from autoxidized marine oils by gel permeation HPLC using a light-scattering detector. Lipids 26:3:227-231, 1991.
21. Cathcart ES, Mortensen RF, Leslie CA, Conte JM, et al.: A fish oil diet inhibits amyloid P component (AP) acute phase responses in arthritis susceptible mice. J Immunol 139:1:89-91, 1987.
22. Cathcart ES, Gonnerman WA, Leslie CA, Hayes KC: Dietary n-3 fatty acids and arthritis. J Intern Med Suppl 225:731:217-23, 1989.
23. Cathcart ES, Gonnerman WA: Fish oil fatty acids and experimental arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 17:2:235-242, 1991.
24. Christensen M S, Mortimer B, Høy C, Redgrave T G: Clearance of Chylomicrons following Fish Oil and seal Oil Feeding Nutr. Res. 15:3:359-368, 1995.
25. Cleland LG, Hill CL, James MJ: Diet and arthritis. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 9:4:771-85, 1995.
26. Cleland LG, French JK, Betts WH, Murphy GA, et al.: Clinical and biochemical effects of dietary fish oil supplements in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 15:10:1471-5, 1988.
27. Cleland LG, Gibson RA, Neumann M, French JK: The effect of dietary fish oil supplement upon the content of dihomo-gammalinolenic acid in human plasma phospholipids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 40:1:9-12, 1990.
28. Cleland LG, James MJ: Rheumatoid arthritis and the balance of dietary N-6 and N-3 essential fatty acids :editorial. Br J Rheumatol 36:5:513-4, 1997.
29. Christensen JH, Aaroe J, Knudsen N, Dideriksen K, et al.: Heart rate variability and n-3 fatty acids in patients with chronic renal failure–a pilot study. Clinical Nephrology 49:2:102-106, 1998.
30. Christensen JH, Christensen MS, Dyerberg J, Schmidt EB: Heart rate variability and fatty acid content of blood cell membranes: a dose-response study with n-3 fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 70:3:331-7, 1999.
31. Christensen JH, Gustenhoff P, Korup E, Aarøe J, et al.: Effect of fish oil on heart rate variability in survivors of myocardial infarction. BMJ 312:677-78, 1996.
32. Christophe A: Effects of feeding a supplement of gamma-linolenic acid containing oils with fish oil on the fatty acid composition. In: Gamma-Linolenic Acid, ed. Yung-Sheng Huang, D.:168-174, 1996.
33. Connor SL, Connor WE: Are fish oils beneficial in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease?. Review[53 refs] American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66:4 Suppl:1020S-1031, 1997.
34. Connor W: Fish oil prevents death from heart disease. PUFA Newsletter 3:3:1 (1999)
35. Connor WE: Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 71:1 Suppl:171S-5S, 2000.
36. Darlington G, Jump A, Ramsey N: Dietary treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Practitioner 234:1488:456-460, 1990.
37. Das G: Fish oil in heart disease. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 27:12:569-77, 1989.
38. D’Aquino M, Benedetti PC, Di Felice M, Gentili V, et al.: Effect of fish oil and coconut oil on antioxidant defence system and lipid peroxidation in rat liver. Free Radic Res Commun 12-13 Pt 1:147-152, 1991.
39. de Deckere EA: Possible beneficial effect of fish and fish n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast and colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 8:3:213-21, 1999.
40. de Deckere EA, Korver O, Verschuren PM, Katan MB: Health aspects of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant and marine origin. Eur J Clin Nutr 52:10:749-753 , 1998.
41. Dehmer GJ, Popma JJ, van den Berg EK, Eichhorn EJ, et al.: Reduction in the rate of early restenosis after coronary angioplasty by a diet supplemented with n-3 fatty acids. N Engl J Med 319:12:733-40 (1988)
42. Deutch B, Bonefeld Jørgensen E, Hansen JC: Menstrual discomfort in Danish women reduced by dietary supplements of omega-3 PUFA and B12 (Fishoil or Sealoil)
43. Rome: Women’s Health in the Year 2000 (conf. paper:1 (1998)
44. Deutch B, Jørgensen EB, Hansen JC: N-3 PUFA from fish-oil or seal-oil reduce atherogenic risk indicators in Danish women. Nutrition Research 20:8:1065-1077 (2000)
45. Deutch B, Jørgensen EB, Hansen JC: Menstrual discomfort in Danish women reduced by dietary supplements of omega-3 PUFA (fish-oil or seal-oil) and B12. Nutrition Research 20:5:621-631 (2000)
46. Deutch B: Menstrual pain in Danish women correlated with low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49:7:508-16 (1995)
47. DeLuca P, Rothman D, Zurier RB: Marine and botanical lipids as immunomodulatory and therapeutic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 21:3:759-77 (1995)
48. Dolecek TA: An ongoing evaluation of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and mortality in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Omega 3 News 7:4:1-3 (1992)
49. Dyerberg J: Bioavailability of n-3 fatty acid formulations. Annual Meeting, Eur Soc for Clin Invest:1-2 (1995)
50. El Boustani S, Colette C, Monnier L, Descomps B, et al.: Enteral absorption in man of eicosapentaenoic acid in different chemical forms. Lipids 22:10:711-4 (1987)
51. Endres S, Ghorbani R, Kelley VE, Georgilis K, et al.: The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA’s on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and TNF… N Engl J Med 320:5:265-71 (1989)
52. Espersen GT, Grunnet N, Lervang HH, Nielsen GL, et al.: Decreased interleukin-1 beta levels in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients after dietary supplementation. Clin Rheumatol 11:3:393-5 (1992)
53. Fahrer H, Hoeflin F, Lauterburg BH, Peheim E, et al.: Diet and fatty acids: can fish substitute for fish oil? Clin Exp Rheumatol 9:4:403-6 (1991)
54. Fernandez E, Chatenoud L, La Vecchia C, Negri E, et al.: Fish consumption and cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr 70:1:85-90 (1999)
55. Fish oil: Lancet 1:8594:1081-3 (1988)
56. Gadek JE, DeMichele SJ, Karlstad MD, Pacht ER, et al.: Effect of enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidants in patients with acut … Crit Care Med 27:8:1409-20 (1999)
57. Geusens P, Wouters C, Nijs J, Jiang Y, et al.: Long-term effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis. A 12-month, double-blind, contr … Arthritis Rheum 37:6:824-9 (1994)
58. Gibson RA: The effect of diets containing fish and fish oils on disease risk factors in humans. Aust N Z J Med 18:5:713-22 (1988)
59. Gogos CA, Ginopoulos P, Salsa B, Kalfarentzos F, et al.: Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids plus vitamin E restore immunodeficiency and prolong survival for severely… Cancer 82:2:395-402 (1998)
60. Grimsgaard S, Bønaa KH, Hansen JB, Myhre ESP: Effects of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on hemodynamics in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 68:52-59 (1998)
61. Grubb BP: Hypervitaminosis A following long-term use of high-dose fish oil supplements. Chest 97:5:1260 (1990)
62. Guallar E, Hennekens CH, Sacks FM, Willett WC, et al.: A prospective study of plasma fish oil levels and incidence of myocardial infarction in U.S. male physicians. J Am Coll Cardiol 25:2:387-94 (1995)
63. Haglund O, Wallin R, Luostarinen R, Saldeen T: Effects of a new fluid fish oil concentrate, ESKIMO-3, on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and blood pressure. J Intern Med 227:5:347-53 (1990)
64. Haglund O, Luostarinen R, Wallin R, Wibell L, et al.: The effects of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and MDA in humans supplemented with vitamin E. J Nutr 121:2:165-9 (1991)
65. Harel Z, Biro FM, Kottenhahn RK, Rosenthal SL: Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of dysmenorrhea in adolescents Am J Obstet Gynecol 174:1335-38 (1996).
66. Harris WS. n-3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce risk of coronary heart disease death: extending the evidence to the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77 279-280. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/77/2/279
67. Hartmann G, Endres S: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and human cytokine synthesis. In: Handbook of Essential Fatty Acid Biology (Yehu:Chapt. 5:103-113 (1997)
68. Heller A, Koch T, Schmeck J, van Ackern K: Lipid mediators in inflammatory disorders. Drugs 55:4:487-96 (1998)
69. Hibbeln JR: Fish consumption and major depression. Lancet 351:1213 (1998)
70. Hodge L, Salome CM, Peat JK, Haby MM, et al: Consumption of oily fish and childhood asthma risk see comments. Med J Aust 164:3:137-40 (1996)
71. Hogg RJ: A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating alternate-day prednisone and fish oil supplements. Am J Kidney Dis 26:5:792-6 (1995)
72. Hogg RJ: A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating alternate-day prednisone and fish oil supplements. Am J Kidney Dis 26:5:792-6 (1995)
73. Holm T, Andreassen AK, Aukrust P, Andersen K, et al.: Omega-3 fatty acids improve blood pressure control and preserve renal function in hypertensive heart transplant… Eur Heart J 22:5:428-36. (2001)
74. Holub B, Hunter E: Health effects of fish, fish oils. JAOCS 65:11 (Nov):1722-1726 (1988)
75. James MJ, McClelland LG: Dietary n-3 fatty acids and therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 27:2:85-97 (1997)
76. James MJ, Gibson RA, Cleland LG: Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production. Am J Clin Nutr 71 (suppl):1 (s):343s-8s (2000)
77. Kaasgaard SG, Hølmer G, Høy CE, Behrens WA, et al.: Effects of dietary linseed oil and marine oil on lipid peroxidation in monkey liver in vivo and in vitro. Lipids 1992 27:10:740-5 (1992)
78. Kang JX, Leaf A: Prevention of fatal cardiac arrhythmias by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 71:1 S:202S-07S (2000)
79. Knapp HR, FitzGerald GA: The antihypertensive effects of fish oil. A controlled study of PUFA supplements in essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 320:16:1037-43 (1989)
80. Kromhout D: Fish consumption and sudden cardiac death (Editorial). JAMA 279:65-66 (1998)
81. Kremer JM, Jubiz W, Michalek A, Rynes RI, et al.: Fish-oil fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med 106:4:497-503 (1987)
82. Kremer JM, Lawrence DA, Petrillo GF, Litts LL, et al.: Effects of high-dose fish oil on rheumatoid arthritis after stopping nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Arthritis Rheum 38:8:1107-14 (1995)
83. Kremer JM: n-3 fatty acid supplements in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Clin Nutr 71:1 Suppl:349S-51S (2000)
84. Kremer JM, Lawrence DA, Jubiz W, DiGiacomo R, et al.: Dietary fish oil and olive oil supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunologic effects. Arthritis Rheum 33:6:810-20 (1990)
85. Kelley DS, Bendich A: Essential nutrients and immunologic functions. Am J Clin Nutr 63:6:994S-996S (1996)
86. Kramer TR, Schoene N, Douglass LW, Judd JT, et al.: Increased vitamin E intake restores fish-oil-induced suppressed blastogenesis of mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes. Am J Clin Nutr 54:5:896-902 (1991)
87. Kremer JM, Bigauoette J, Michalek AV, Timchalk MA, et al.: Effects of manipulation of dietary fatty acids on clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1:8422:184-7 (1985)
88. Kremer JM: Effects of modulation of inflammatory and immune parameters in patients with rheumatic and inflammatory disease receivin. Lipids 31 Suppl:S243-7 (1996)
89. Kremer JM: Clinical studies of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 17:2:391-402 (1991)
90. Kinsella JE: Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of fish oils, autoxidation ex vivo and peroxidation in vivo: implications. Adv Exp Med Biol 289:255-68 (1991)
91. Kudo N, Kawashima Y: Fish oil-feeding prevents perfluorooctanoic acid-induced fatty liver in mice. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 145:2:285-93 (1997)
92. Laganiere S, Yu BP, Fernandes G: Studies on membrane lipid peroxidation in omega-3 fatty acid-fed autoimmune mice: effect of vitamin E supplementatio. Adv Exp Med Biol 262:95-102 (1990)
93. Landmark K, Abdelnoor M, Urdal P, Kilhovd B, et al.: Use of fish oils appears to reduce infarct size as estimated from peak creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activiti… Cardiology 89:2:94-102 (1998)
94. Lavine JB: Blood pressure and cholesterol in fish-eaters versus vegetarians (Letter) Lancet 348:1460 (1996)
95. Leaf A, Weber PC: Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids. New England Journal of Medicine 318:9:549-557 (1988)
96. Lee TH, Arm JP: Benefits from oily fish – may help in coronary artery disease and several inflammatory conditions. BMJ 297:1421-22 (1988)
97. Lund E, Bønaa KH: Reduced breast cancer mortality among fishermen’s wives in Norway. Cancer Causes Control 4:3:283-7 (1993)
98. Margolin G, Huster G, Glueck CJ, Speirs J, et al. Blood pressure lowering in elderly subjects: a double-blind crossover study of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 53:2:562-72 (1991)
99. Malasanos TH, Stacpoole PW Biological effects of omega-3 fatty acids in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 14:12:1160-79 (1991)
100. Mayser P, Mrowietz U, Arenberger P, Bartak P, et al.: Omega-3 fatty acid-based lipid infusion in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: results of a double-blind, randomi… Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 38:4:539-47 (1998)
101. McCarty MF: Vascular heparan sulfates may limit the ability of leukocytes to penetrate the endothelial barrier–implication. Med Hypotheses 51:1:11-5 (1998)
102. Marchioli R, Tognoni G, GISSI Prevention Study, Valagussa F: Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction. Lancet 354:447-455 (1999)
103. Maurice PD, Allen BR, Barkley AS, Cockbill SR, et al.: The effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 117:5:599-606 (1987)
104. Mori TA, Burke V, Puddey IB, Watts GF, et al.: Purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids have differential effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins, LDL.. Am J Clin Nutr 71:5:1085-94 (2000)
105. Miller CC, Tang W, Ziboh VA, Fletcher MP: Dietary supplementation with ethyl ester concentrates of fish oil (n-3) and borage oil (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty ac. J Invest Dermatol 96:1:98-103 (1991)
106. Meydani M, Natiello F, Goldin B, Free N, et al.: Effect of long-term fish oil supplementation on vitamin E status and lipid peroxidation in women. J Nutr 121:4:484-91 (1991)
107. Navarro E, Esteve M, Olive A, Klaassen J, et al.: Abnormal fatty acid pattern in rheumatoid arthritis. A rationale for treatment with marine and botanical lipids. J Rheumatol 27:2:298-303 (2000)
108. Nordvik I, Myhr KM, Nyland H, Bjerve KS: Effect of dietary advice and n-3 supplementation in newly diagnosed MS patients. Acta Neurol Scand 102:3:143-9 (2000)
109. Nøding R, Schønberg SA, Krokan HE, Bjerve KS: Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their n-6 hydroperoxides on growth of five malignant cell lines and th… Lipids 33:3:285-93 (1998)
110. O’Connor TP, Roebuck BD, Peterson F, Campbell TC: Effect of dietary intake of fish oil and fish protein on the development of L-azaserine-induced preneoplastic lesions. J Natl Cancer Inst 75:5:959-62 (1985)
111. Oomen CM, Feskens EJ, Rasanen L, Fidanza F, et al.: Fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality in Finland, Italy, and The Netherlands. Am J Epidemiol 151:10:999-1006 (2000)
112. Olsen SF, Sørensen JD, Secher NJ, Hedegaard M, et al.: Randomised controlled trial of effect of fish-oil supplementation on pregnancy duration. Lancet 339:8800:1003-7 (1992)
113. Olsen SF, Secher NJ, Tabor A, Weber T, et al.: Randomised clinical trials of fish oil supplementation in high risk pregnancies. Fish Oil Trials In Pregnancy (FOTIP). BJOG 107:3:382-95 (2000)
114. Opstvedt J: Fish lipids: more than n-3 fatty acids? Med Hypotheses 48:6:481-3 (1997)
115. Rozenn N Lemaitre, Irena B King, Dariush Mozaffarian, Lewis H Kuller, Russell P Tracy, and David S Siscovick. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, fatal ischemic heart disease, and nonfatal myocardial infarction in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77 319-325. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/77/2/319

Sources:
Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr., Michael T. Murrey & Melvyn R. Werbach.